4 Preface مالِكِ يَومِ الدّينِAli Quli QaraiMaster1 of the Day of Retribution. This is in accordance with the reading mālik yawm al-dīn, adopted by ʿĀṣim, al-Kisāʾī, Yaʿqūb al-Ḥaḍramī, and Khalaf. Other authorities of qirāʾah (the art of recitation of the Qurʾān) have read ‘malik yawm al-dīn,’ meaning ‘Sovereign of the Day of Retribution’ (see Muʿjam al-Qirāʾāt al-Qurʾāniyyah). Traditions ascribe both readings to Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (ʿa). See al-Qummī, al-ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-Imām al-ʿAskarī.