The Quran

كَيفَ وَإِن يَظهَروا عَلَيكُم لا يَرقُبوا فيكُم إِلًّا وَلا ذِمَّةً ۚ يُرضونَكُم بِأَفواهِهِم وَتَأبىٰ قُلوبُهُم وَأَكثَرُهُم فاسِقونَ

Muhammad Asad

How [else could it be]?¹ - since, if they [who are hostile to you] were to overcome you, they would not respect any tie [with you,] nor any obligation to protect [you].² They seek to please you with their mouths, the while their hearts remain averse [to you]; and most of them are iniquitous.

This connects with the opening clause of the preceding verse, and relates to the hostile among "those who ascribe divinity to aught beside God".
The term 'ill' signifies any tie that arises from a compact or from blood-relationship, and which imposes on both parties the obligation to protect each other (cf. Lane 1, 75); the latter implication is expressed in the word dhimmah, which literally denotes a "covenant of protection".