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Chapter 9

Repentanceal-Tawbah ( التوبة )

129 verses • revealed at Medinan

»The surah that announces for all time that God granted to His prophet, to the Emigrant and Helping Companions, and to three errant believers Repentance; and that offers the same opportunity to the unbelievers and the hypocrites, provided they forever renounce hostility, idolatry, and duplicity; and which further demonstrates the faithfulness of this offer in God’s decree of amnesty for the truly repentant idolaters who fought the believers at a place called Ḥunayn. It is named after “repentance” (tawbah) mentioned in verse 3 and verse 5. The surah opens by giving notice of the severance of the treaty with the idolaters because they had broken it, but the bulk of the surah deals with preparations and recruitment for the expedition to Tabūk (year 9/631). The hypocrites and those who stayed behind and failed to support the Prophet Muḥammad are all censured. This is the only surah not to begin with the formula Basmalah.«

The surah is also known as Dispensation, Immunity

1
بَراءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ إِلَى الَّذينَ عاهَدتُم مِنَ المُشرِكينَ

(Saheeh International)

At-Tawbah: Repentance. This sūrah is also known as Barā’ah, meaning disassociation, freedom, release or immunity. The words Bismillāhir¬Raḥmānir-Raḥeem were not revealed at the beginning of this sūrah.
[This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allāh and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.1
  • But who had violated it.