AI-Mumtaḥanah takes its name from verse 10, where the believers are told to question women who come to them as fugitives from the idolaters and, if they find them sincere converts to Islam, not to return them to the idolaters. This marked a modification of the terms of the Truce of Ḥudaybiyah, by which the Prophet had undertaken to return all fugitives, male and female, while the idolaters were not obliged to give up renegades from Islam. The more terrible persecution which women had to undergo, if extradited, and their helpless social condition were the causes of the change. Instead of giving up women refugees who were sincere, and not fugitives on account of crime or some family quarrel, the Muslims were to pay an indemnity for them; while as for Muslim husbands whose wives might flee to Quraysh, no indemnity was to be paid by the latter, but, when some turn of fortune brought wealth to the Islamic state, they were to be repaid by the state what their wives had taken of their property. Verse 12 names the pledge which was to be taken from the women refugees after their examination. The date of the revelation is the eighth year of the Hijrah.
O Believers! Do not ally yourselves with those who are enemies of Mine and yours, showing them kindness when they have denied the truth that has come to you and driven the Messenger and yourselves out [of your city] because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If it was indeed to fight for My cause, and out of a desire to please Me that you left your city, how can you be friendly to them in secret? I well know all that you conceal and all that you reveal. Whoever of you does this will have strayed from the even path.