The Quran

أَأُنزِلَ عَلَيهِ الذِّكرُ مِن بَينِنا ۚ بَل هُم في شَكٍّ مِن ذِكري ۖ بَل لَمّا يَذوقوا عَذابِ

Ali Unal

“From among all of us has the Reminder been sent down on him?” No! Rather (on account of their self-glory), they are lost in doubts concerning My Reminder. No, indeed! They have not yet tasted My punishment (so that they might abandon their arrogance and recognize the truth).¹

Although Divine punishments coming in the world cause some to recognize the truth, most of the unbelievers recognize it usually at the moment of death, or when the punishment comes in the form of overall destruction. However, this recognition is of no use to them, just as their recognition during the final destruction of the world will not benefit them in the least.