84 Preface وَإِذ أَخَذنا ميثاقَكُم لا تَسفِكونَ دِماءَكُم وَلا تُخرِجونَ أَنفُسَكُم مِن دِيارِكُم ثُمَّ أَقرَرتُم وَأَنتُم تَشهَدونَYusuf AliAnd remember We took1 your covenant (to this effect): Shed no blood amongst you, nor turn out your own people from your homes: and this ye solemnly ratified, and to this ye can bear witness. Verse 83 referred to the universal moral law. This verse 84 refers to its application under a special Covenant entered into with the Jews of Medīna by the newborn Muslim Commonwealth under its Guide and teacher Muḥammad. This Covenant is given in Ibn Hisham’s Sirat al Rasul, and comments on it will be found in Ameer ʿAlī’s Spirit of Islam (London, 1922), pp. 57-61. It was entered into in the second year of the Hijrat, and was treacherously broken by the Jews almost immediately afterwards.